PHPDocumented

safemysql.class.php

@@ -1,4 +1,63 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * @author [email protected]
+ * @link http://phpfaq.ru/safemysql
+ * 
+ * Safe and convenient vay to handle SQL queries utilizing type-hinted placeholders.
+ * 
+ * Key features
+ * - set of helper functions to get the desired result right out of query, like in PEAR::DB
+ * - conditional query building using parse() method to build queries of whatever comlexity, 
+ *   while keeping extra safety of placeholders
+ * - type-hinted placeholders
+ * 
+ *  Type-hinted placeholders are great because 
+ * - safe, as any other [properly implemented] placeholders
+ * - no need for manual escaping or binding, makes the code extra DRY
+ * - allows support for non-standard types such as identifier or array, which saves A LOT of pain in the back.
+ * 
+ * Supported placeholders at the moment are:
+ * 
+ * ?s ("string")  - strings (also DATE, FLOAT and DECIMAL)
+ * ?i ("integer") - the name says it all 
+ * ?n ("name")    - identifiers (table and field names) 
+ * ?a ("array")   - complex placeholder for IN() operator  (substituted with string of 'a','b','c' format, without parentesis)
+ * ?u ("update")  - complex placeholder for SET operator (substituted with string of `field`='value',`field`='value' format)
+ * and
+ * ?p ("parsed") - special type placeholder, for inserting already parsed statements without any processing, to avoid double parsing.
+ * 
+ * Some examples:
+ *
+ * $db = new SafeMySQL(); // with default settings
+ * 
+ * $opts = array(
+ *		'user'    => 'user',
+ *		'pass'    => 'pass',
+ *		'db'      => 'db',
+ *		'charset' => 'latin1'
+ * );
+ * $db = new SafeMySQL($opts); // with some of the default settings overwritten
+ * 
+ * 
+ * $name = $db->getOne('SELECT name FROM table WHERE id = ?i',$_GET['id']);
+ * $data = $db->getInd('id','SELECT * FROM ?n WHERE id IN ?a','table', array(1,2));
+ * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM ?n WHERE mod=?s LIMIT ?i",$table,$mod,$limit);
+
+ * $ids  = $db->getCol("SELECT id FROM tags WHERE tagname = ?s",$tag);
+ * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM table WHERE category IN (?a)",$ids);
+ * 
+ * $data = array('offers_in' => $in, 'offers_out' => $out);
+ * $sql  = "INSERT INTO stats SET pid=?i,dt=CURDATE(),?u ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ?u";
+ * $db->query($sql,$pid,$data,$data);
+ * 
+ * if ($var === NULL) {
+ *     $sqlpart = "field is NULL";
+ * } else {
+ *     $sqlpart = $db->parse("field = ?s", $var);
+ * }
+ * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM table WHERE ?p", $bar, $sqlpart);
+ * 
+ */
 
 class SafeMySQL
 {
@@ -46,36 +105,83 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		unset($opt); // I am paranoid
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to run a query with placeholders. A mysqli_query wrapper with placeholders support
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $db->query("DELETE FROM table WHERE id=?i", $id);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return resource|FALSE whatever mysqli_query returns
+	 */
 	public function query()
 	{	
 		return $this->rawQuery($this->prepareQuery(func_get_args()));
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to fetch single row. 
+	 * 
+	 * @param resource $result - myqli result
+	 * @param int $mode - optional fetch mode, RESULT_ASSOC|RESULT_NUM, default RESULT_ASSOC
+	 * @return array|FALSE whatever mysqli_fetch_array returns
+	 */
 	public function fetch($result,$mode=self::RESULT_ASSOC)
 	{
 		return mysqli_fetch_array($result, $mode);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to get number of affected rows. 
+	 * 
+	 * @return int whatever mysqli_affected_rows returns
+	 */
 	public function affectedRows()
 	{
 		return mysqli_affected_rows ($this->conn);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to get last insert id. 
+	 * 
+	 * @return int whatever mysqli_insert_id returns
+	 */
 	public function insertId()
 	{
 		return mysqli_insert_id($this->conn);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to get number of rows in the resultset. 
+	 * 
+	 * @param resource $result - myqli result
+	 * @return int whatever mysqli_num_rows returns
+	 */
 	public function numRows($result)
 	{
 		return mysqli_num_rows($result);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Conventional function to free the resultset. 
+	 */
 	public function free($result)
 	{
 		mysqli_free_result($result);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get scalar value right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $name = $db->getOne("SELECT name FROM table WHERE id=1");
+	 * $name = $db->getOne("SELECT name FROM table WHERE id=?i", $id);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return string|FALSE either first column of the first row of resultset or FALSE if none found
+	 */
 	public function getOne()
 	{
 		$query = $this->prepareQuery(func_get_args());
@@ -90,6 +196,17 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get single row right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $data = $db->getRow("SELECT * FROM table WHERE id=1");
+	 * $data = $db->getOne("SELECT * FROM table WHERE id=?i", $id);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return array|FALSE either associative array contains first row of resultset or FALSE if none found
+	 */
 	public function getRow()
 	{
 		$query = $this->prepareQuery(func_get_args());
@@ -101,6 +218,17 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get single column right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $ids = $db->getCol("SELECT id FROM table WHERE cat=1");
+	 * $ids = $db->getCol("SELECT id FROM tags WHERE tagname = ?s", $tag);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return array|FALSE either enumerated array of first fields of all rows of resultset or FALSE if none found
+	 */
 	public function getCol()
 	{
 		$ret   = array();
@@ -116,6 +244,17 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get all the rows of resultset right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM table");
+	 * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM table LIMIT ?i,?i", $start, $rows);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return array enumerated 2d array contains the resultset. Empty if no rows found. 
+	 */
 	public function getAll()
 	{
 		$ret   = array();
@@ -131,6 +270,18 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get all the rows of resultset into indexed array right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $data = $db->getInd("id", "SELECT * FROM table");
+	 * $data = $db->getInd("id", "SELECT * FROM table LIMIT ?i,?i", $start, $rows);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $index - name of the field which value is used to index resulting array
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return array - associative 2d array contains the resultset. Empty if no rows found. 
+	 */
 	public function getInd()
 	{
 		$args  = func_get_args();
@@ -149,6 +300,17 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper function to get a dictionary-style array right out of query and optional arguments
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $data = $db->getIndCol("name", "SELECT name, id FROM cities");
+	 *
+	 * @param string $index - name of the field which value is used to index resulting array
+	 * @param string $query - an SQL query with placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the query
+	 * @return array - associative array contains key=value pairs out of resultset. Empty if no rows found. 
+	 */
 	public function getIndCol()
 	{
 		$args  = func_get_args();
@@ -169,17 +331,70 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Function to parse placeholders either in the full query or in query part
+	 * useful for debug
+	 * and conditional query building
+	 * 
+	 * Examples:
+	 * $query = $db->parse("SELECT * FROM table WHERE foo=?s AND bar=?s", $foo, $bar);
+	 * echo $query;
+	 * 
+	 * if ($foo) {
+	 *     $qpart = $db->parse(" AND foo=?s", $foo);
+	 * }
+	 * $data = $db->getAll("SELECT * FROM table WHERE bar=?s ?p", $bar, $qpart);
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query - whatever expression contains placeholders
+	 * @param mixed  $arg,... unlimited number of arguments to match placeholders in the expression
+	 * @return string - initial expression with placeholders substituted with data. 
+	 */
 	public function parse()
 	{
 		return $this->prepareQuery(func_get_args());
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * function to implement whitelisting feature
+	 * sometimes we can't allow a non-validated user-supplied data to the query even through placeholder
+	 * especially if it comes down to SQL OPERATORS
+	 * 
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 * $order = $db->whiteList($_GET['order'], array('name','price'));
+	 * $dir   = $db->whiteList($_GET['dir'],   array('ASC','DESC'));
+	 * if (!$order || !dir) {
+	 *     throw new http404(); //non-expected values should cause 404 or similar response
+	 * }
+	 * $sql  = "SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY ?p ?p LIMIT ?i,?i"
+	 * $data = $db->getArr($sql, $order, $dir, $start, $per_page);
+	 * 
+	 * @param string $iinput   - field name to test
+	 * @param  array  $allowed - an array with allowed variants
+	 * @param  string $default - optional variable to set if no match found. Default to false.
+	 * @return string|FALSE    - either sanitized value or FALSE
+	 */
 	public function whiteList($input,$allowed,$default=FALSE)
 	{
 		$found = array_search($input,$allowed);
 		return ($found === FALSE) ? $default : $allowed[$found];
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * function to filter out arrays, for the whitelisting purposes
+	 * useful to pass entire superglobal to the INSERT or UPDATE query
+	 * OUGHT to be used for this purpose, as there could be fuelds whic user inallowed to alter.
+	 * 
+	 * Example:
+	 * $allowed = array('title','url','body','rating','term','type');
+	 * $data    = $db->filterArray($_POST,$allowed);
+	 * $sql     = "INSERT INTO ?n SET ?u";
+	 * $db->query($sql,$table,$data);
+	 * 
+	 * @param  array $input   - source array
+	 * @param  array $allowed - an array with allowed field names
+	 * @return array filtered out source array
+	 */
 	public function filterArray($input,$allowed)
 	{
 		foreach(array_keys($input) as $key )
@@ -354,11 +569,22 @@ class SafeMySQL
 		return $caller;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Function to get last executed query. 
+	 * 
+	 * @return string|NULL either last executed query or NULL if were none
+	 */
 	public function lastQuery()
 	{
 		$last = end($this->stats);
 		return $last['query'];
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Function to get all query statistics. 
+	 * 
+	 * @return array contains all executed queries with timings
+	 */
 	public function getStats()
 	{
 		return $this->stats;